Kerala, often referred to as “God’s Own Country,” is a state located on the southwestern coast of India. It is situated between the Arabian Sea to the west and the Western Ghats mountain range to the east. Here are some key features of Kerala’s geography:
- Location: Kerala is located on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. It lies between the latitudes 8°18′ and 12°48′ north and longitudes 74°52′ and 77°24′ east.
- Coastal Plains: The state has a narrow coastal plain that stretches along its western boundary. It is known as the Malabar Coast and is characterized by sandy beaches, backwaters, and lagoons. The coastline of Kerala is about 590 kilometers long.
- Backwaters: Kerala is famous for its extensive network of backwaters, which are a chain of brackish lagoons, lakes, and canals that lie parallel to the Arabian Sea. The backwaters are a major tourist attraction and offer scenic beauty and tranquil cruising experiences.
- Western Ghats: The eastern border of Kerala is defined by the Western Ghats, a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of India. The Ghats are an UNESCO World Heritage Site and are known for their rich biodiversity. Several hill stations, such as Munnar, Wayanad, and Thekkady, are located in the Western Ghats of Kerala.
- High Ranges: The Western Ghats in Kerala consist of a series of hills and mountains, often referred to as the High Ranges. Anamudi, located in the Eravikulam National Park, is the highest peak in South India, reaching an elevation of 2,695 meters (8,842 feet).
- Rivers: Kerala is blessed with numerous rivers, many of which originate from the Western Ghats and flow westward towards the Arabian Sea. The major rivers in Kerala include the Periyar, Bharathapuzha, Pamba, and Chaliyar. These rivers play a significant role in the state’s agriculture, irrigation, and hydroelectric power generation.
- Climate: Kerala has a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by high temperatures and heavy rainfall. It experiences two monsoon seasons: the Southwest Monsoon (June-September) and the Northeast Monsoon (October-December). The monsoons contribute to the lush greenery and abundant vegetation in the region.
- Biodiversity: Kerala is known for its rich biodiversity and is considered one of the 34 global biodiversity hotspots. The Western Ghats in Kerala harbor a wide variety of flora and fauna, including several endemic species. The state has several wildlife sanctuaries and national parks, such as Periyar Tiger Reserve and Silent Valley National Park, which are home to diverse ecosystems and wildlife.
Overall, Kerala’s geography is marked by its beautiful coastline, backwaters, mountain ranges, rivers, and lush greenery. It is a land of natural beauty and offers a unique blend of landscapes, making it a popular destination for tourists and nature enthusiasts.
